The law of production relations is consistent with the development level of the productive forces in Marxist-Leninist philosophy and its application to the process of buiding socialism in Vietnam

Pham Thi Thu Huong1, Ngo Thi Thuy, Tran Thi Thuy Ninh2, Tran Thi Ngoc Tam3, Tran Thi Ngoc4

Nam Dinh University of Technology Education, Vietnam

ABSTRACT

   Currently, there are a number of different views and perceptions about the relationship between productive forces and production relations, and there are even views that distort and deny MarxismLeninism about the dialectical relationship of this fundamental law. The realization and application of this relationship in accordance with the reality of Vietnam will contribute to the successful realization of the goal of "Rich people, strong country, democracy, justice and civilization" to firmly step up to socialism.

Keyword: Production relations, productive forces, Marxist-Leninist philosophy, socialism, Vietnam. 

1. LAW OF PRODUCTION RELATIONS ACCORDING TO MARXIST-LENINIST PHILOSOPHY

   Human civilization is ultimately determined by the right development of the productive forces. Therefore, the study of the laws of motion and the forms of development of the productive forces is a very important issue.

   The period of transition to socialism in Vietnam was a period of profound, comprehensive and radical revolutionary transformation in all aspect from the old society to the new socialist society. That period began when the proletariat came to power. The proletarian revolution was a resounding success and ended when the ideological and political economic base of the new society was built. That is the period of building from new productive forces leading to new production relations, new production relations forming new ownership relations.

1.1. What is the mode of production?

   Physical production is carried out by a certain mode of production. Mode of production is the way in which people carry out the process of material production at certain stages in the history of existence and development of human society. The mode of production plays a certain role in all aspects of socio-economic life. The mode of production is the unity between the productive forces at a certain level and the corresponding production relations.

1.2. What is the productive force?

   The productive forces are man's relationship with nature formed in the production process. The level of productive forces is reflected in the level of human control over nature. It is the result of man's practical ability to affect nature to create material wealth to ensure the existence and development of mankind.

   In the composition of the productive forces, there may be some differing opinions about some other factors of the productive forces, but in the end they all materialize into two main parts, the means production and human force. In which the means of production play the role of the object, and the human being is the subject.

   The means of production are made up of two parts: the object of labor and the means of labor. Usually in the process of production means of labor is also known as the infrastructure of the economy. In any production background, production tools always play the key role and are the most important indicator. Currently, human production tools are constantly improving and leading to perfection, thanks to the achievements of science and technology, modern machinery and industrial tools have gradually replaced human labor. Therefore, the tools of labor are always the most unique and revolutionary of the productive forces.

   Employees as a part of the social production force must be physically fit, have cultural knowledge, have high professional qualifications, have experience and good habits, have good personal qualities, healthy manner, professional conscience and high responsibility at work. Previously, due to not paying enough attention to the position of workers, we did not know how to exploit and promote all the power of the human factor. Granted, people's production capacity and experience depends on the existing means of production that they are using. But their creative drive has boosted the economy.

1.3. What is the production relation?

   Production relations are philosophical categories that refer to relations between people in the production process (social production and reproduction). Production relations include ownership relations of the main means of production, relations of organization and management of production, and relations of distribution of manufactured products... Production relations are created by humans but the formation and development objectively does not depend on human will.

   If the concept of productive forces is the natural side of production, the relations of production are the social side of production.

   The production relationship has three sides:

+ Relationship between people in the possession of the main means of production (referred to as ownership relations).

+ Relationship between people in organizing and managing society and exchanging activities for each other (referred to as organizational and management relations).

+ Relationship between people in distribution and circulation of manufactured products (referred to as distribution and circulation relationships).

   Among the three aspects of the production relations, the relationship of ownership of the means of production is mainly the basic and specific relationship for each society. The relationship of ownership determines the relationship about the production management organization and the distribution relationship of the products made.

   In renovating and consolidating production relations, an important issue emphasized by the Sixth Congress is to carry out all three synchronous aspects: the ownership regime, the management mode, and the distribution mode should not be taken into account. Theoretically, there is no doubt that the ownership regime is the basis of the relations of production. It is characteristic to distinguish not only the different relations of production but also the different economic epochs in history, as has been said.

   Historical facts clearly show that any social revolution has an economic purpose, which is to ensure that the productive forces have favorable conditions for continued development and material life of people also improved. It is the natural history of the transition processes between the past socio-economic forms and also the natural history of the transition period from the capitalist socio-economic form to a communist socio-economic form.

   And in particular, within a certain production relationship, the nature of ownership also determines the nature of management and distribution. On the other hand, in each given socio-economic form, the dominant relations of production always play a dominant role in other production relations, more or less modifying them so that they are not only non-oppositional but also serve more effectively.

   If throughout the past, there was no transition from one socio-economic form to another which was completely a smooth evolutionary process, then the transition from one socio-economic form to another was entirely a smooth evolutionary process. Socio-economic capitalism or precapitalist to communist economic form (CSCN) in today's era cannot be a smooth process. MarxismLeninism has never considered any socioeconomic form that has existed since then as the most standard.

   In each socio-economic form, together with a dominant production relationship, there are typically outdated, dependent production relations as remnants of the old society. Even in the most developed capitalist countries there is not only a purely capitalist relation of production. All of the above situations are rooted in the uneven development of productive forces not only between different countries but also between different regions and sectors of a country. The move from obsolete production relations to higher ones, as Karl Marx observes: "Never occurs before the material conditions of existence of those relations have matured..." must have a historical period.

2. THE LAW OF PRODUCTION RELATIONS IS SUITABLE TO THE NATURE AND LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRODUCTIVE FORCES

   Relations of production and forces of production are contradictory or appropriate in a work contributing to the criticism of economic and political science in 1859 Karl Marx wrote "In the social production of his life, people have certain relations, necessarily independent of their will, i.e. relations of production. These laws correspond to a certain level of development of the productive forces. These relations are suitable for a certain level of development of their material productive forces..." It is often considered that Marx's thought is the idea of "the law of production relations in accordance with the nature of the production relations and the level of productive forces”.

   Up to now, almost this law has been confirmed as well as by Marxist philosophical researchers. The concept of "conformity" is understood with the meaning that only suitable is good, new to the law, not suitable is not good, is against the law. There are many problems that many fields pose with this word “fit”. The relations in production include many different forms, which, in general, are the types of production relations and the types of productive forces from which the principal major relations are formed. But what is the relationship between these two basic elements? Fit or not fit. Unity or contradiction? First of all, it is necessary to define a concept that matches the following meanings.

– Conformity is balance, unity between opposites or “quietness” between sides. Conformity is a trend that unbalanced swings will reach.

   In dialectic equilibrium is only temporary and disequilibrium is absolute. This is the source of movement and development. We know that in dialectic the relative is inseparable from the absolute, that is, between them there is no definite limit. If we look at it differently, balance can be understood as a stationary state, and imbalance can be understood as movement. That is, the balance in production is only temporary and the mismatch between them is absolute. Development can only be conceived in so far as the eternal truth of movement is acknowledged. For the same reason, development can only be conceived in so far as one admits, to realize development in the contradiction of the forces of production and the relations of production, only as long as one admits the permanence of the mismatch between the forces of production and the relations of production.

   From those theories to the reality of our country, too, with its long historical development from the stone age to the present day of modern civilization. Our country has gone from the unsuitability or backwardness of the country's civilization up to now. However, the process of movement and development of production is the process of going from non-conformity to conformity, but the state of conformity is only temporary, short-lived, the will to create eternal conformity between The productive forces with the relations of production are unnatural, the annihilation of the indestructible, that is, movement.

   In short, it can be said that the essence of the law on the relationship between the productive forces and the relations of production is the law of contradiction. The concordance between them is just an axis, only a temporary state of tranquility, while the movement, the oscillation, the contradiction is permanent, only the concept of contradiction is capable of delineating the dynamics of development. New developments can help us understand the movement of economic laws.

   We all know that production relations and productive forces are two components of the mode of production that have a dialectical interaction with each other. Pushing the relations of production too far away from the nature and level of development of the productive forces is a relatively common phenomenon in many socialistbuilt countries. The source of this false thought is subjective disease, voluntarism, and the desire to quickly achieve homogeneous socialism despite objective laws. Methodologically, it is metaphysical materialism, which overuses the opposite effect of the relations of production on the development of productive forces. This abuse manifests in "The dictatorship of the proletariat is capable of actively creating new production relations to pave the way for the development of productive forces".

   But when it comes to implementation, people forget that "active" is not synonymous with arbitrary subjectivity, people cannot freely create any form of production relations that they want to have. In contrast, the relations of production are always strictly conditioned by the state of the productive forces, by the relations of production with the nature and stage of development of the productive forces. The relations of production can only pave the way for the productive forces to develop when they are perfected in all their contents, in order to promptly resolve the contradictions between the relations of production and the productive forces.

- The productive forces determine the formation and transformation of the relations of production: the productive forces are the first and everchanging changes in production. The labor force regulates the formation and transformation of the relations of production. When the relations of production do not adapt to the level and nature of the productive forces, it inhibits or even destroys the productive forces, inhibits and even destroys productive forces and vice versa.

   The return of the relations of production to the productive forces. The relations of production, once established, are relatively independent of the productive forces and become social foundations and institutions, and they cannot be transformed simultaneously with the productive forces. Often backward compared to productive forces, and if the relations of production are compatible with the production level and nature of the productive forces, it promotes the development of productive forces.

   If it is temporarily backward compared with the productive forces, it will impede the development of the productive forces. The reason the relations of production can have a strong impact on the productive forces is because it determines the purpose of production, determines the organizational system of production management and social management, determines the method of distribution and the more or less part of the wealth enjoyed by the worker. It therefore affects the attitudes of all working masses. It creates conditions that either stimulate or limit the development of production tools, and applies scientific and technical achievements to international production and division of labor.

3. THE APPLICATION TO THE PROCESS OF BUILDING SOCIALISM IN VIETNAM

   Looking directly at the truth, we see that, in the past, due to over exaggerating the role of the relations of production, due to incorrect conception of the relationship between ownership and other relations, forgetting the basic thing that we are transitioning to socialism from a precapitalist society. Identifying public ownership with socialism confuses cooperation and collectivization. Not clearly seeing the regular steps on the road to socialism, so they immediately carried out the socialist reform of the national economy and essentially followed the line of "stepping up social reform". Establish a system of pure public ownership between the two forms of ownership by the entire people and by collectives. The notion that it is possible to put production relations ahead to create a large area and promote the development of productive forces has been rejected. The development of this social productive force contradicts the above analysis.

   But in fact, the contradiction between the requirement for the development of the productive forces and the alien socio-economic forms is subjectively imposed on the appropriate economy necessary for the new productive forces to arise and develop. Overcoming the above negative phenomena is necessary in this respect, in fact; we have not done all the tasks we have to do. It is necessary to properly resolve the contradiction between the productive forces and the relations of production, thereby overcoming the difficulties and negative aspects of the economy. Establishing new production relations with forms and steps suitable to the development level of the productive forces always promotes production development with high economic efficiency.

   It is important to be aware of the role of the state economic sector in the transition period. To fulfill this role, on the one hand, it must be through exemplary performance in terms of productivity, quality and efficiency. Fully comply with the state. For the private capitalist and individual economic sectors, policies to encourage development are implemented. However, with this economic sector, measures must be taken to make the production relations suitable with the nature and level of development of the productive forces in the transition period. Because that's the way to really promote the development of the labor force.

   In our country in the current period, economic development focuses on two main forces: the production force of state enterprises (often called state-owned, belonging to the state economic sector); non-state productive forces (often called private enterprises).

   Grandparents often say: if you want to know how to swim, you have to jump into the water. And Lenin, in his work The New Economic Policy and the Tasks of the Political Education Boards, wrote: "Either all political achievements of the Soviet government will be destroyed, or must make those achievements stand on an economic basis. This facility is currently unavailable. That is the work that we need to embark on in accordance with the law of production relations, which must be suitable to the nature and level of development of the productive forces. Industrialization makes great use of the law of production relations in accordance with the nature and level of development of the productive forces in the renovation cause in our country today.

   Belonging to the category of productive forces and movement, not outside of the internal dialectic of the mode of production, the issue of industrialization is closely linked with modernization and must first be considered from philosophical thinking. Before going into industrialization - modernization and wanting to succeed in the country, there must be human economic potential, in which the labor force is an important factor. In addition, there must be a match between the relations of production and the nature and level of development of the productive forces, which is the most basic factor.

   Our country is in the process of industrialization - modernization with great labor potential, industrious, intelligent, creative and experienced, but our tools are still rudimentary. The country's risk of falling behind is increasingly being overcome. Our Party is vigorously implementing some of the country's problems of industrialization and modernization, first of all on the basis of a regular ownership structure associated with a regular structure of economic sectors, as well as the structure of a class society. Along with great opportunities, formidable challenges must be overcome in order to complete the cause of industrialization and modernization of the country for the sake of the rich people, strong country, fairness and civilization, but still the basic content in the implementation is to be properly aware of the law of production relations in accordance with the nature and level of development of the productive forces in the current period of our country.

REFERENCES

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[7] Le Thi Chien (2021), Karl Marx’s point of view on productive forces and the issue of supplementing and developing this view in the current period, Communist Review.

[8] Communist Party of Vietnam: Documents of the 12th National Congress of Deputies, National Political Publishing House - Truth, 2016, pp. 25;

[9] Pham Ba Thinh, Nguyen Thi Duyen (2016), Applying the law of conformity of production relations with the development level of the productive forces in the renovation process in our country today.

[10] V.I. Lenin Complete Volume, Progressive Publishing House, Moscow, 1978, Volume 1, p.163.

Source: https://www.academia.edu/67493758/THE_LAW_OF_PRODUCTION_RELATIONS_IS_CONSISTENT_WITH_THE_DEVELOPMENT_LEVEL_OF_THE_PRODUCTIVE_FORCES_IN_MARXIST_LENINIST_PHILOSOPHY_AND_ITS_APPLICATION_TO_THE_PROCESS_OF_BUILDING_SOCIALISM_IN_VIETNAM